Fakapulusi · Tonga

Lēsisita fakakātoa ʻo e kautaha Saina: ngaahi pepa, ngaahi sitepu mo e taimi

Fakahinohino fakatefito ki he kau fokotuʻu mei Tonga ʻoku nau fie fokotuʻu kautaha ʻi Saina: ngaahi pepa ʻoku fiemaʻu, ngaahi sitepu fakalao, mo e taimi ʻoku fuʻu lahi. Fakamatala fakalūkufua pē, ʻikai ko e faleʻi fakalao pe fakatahisi.

Ko e fokotuʻu kautaha ʻi Saina ʻe lava ke hoko ko ha founga lelei ki he kau fokotuʻu mei Tonga ʻoku nau fie fakahoko pisinisi ʻi he māketi Saina pe fie ngāue fakataha mo e kau fakafofonga ʻi he feituʻu. Ka ʻoku ʻi ai ha ngaahi meʻa ʻoku fuʻu mahuʻinga ke mahino ki he kau Tonga ki muʻa ʻi he kamata: ko e founga fakalao ʻi Saina ʻoku fai ʻi he lea Saina, ʻoku fiemaʻu ha tokotaha fakafofonga ʻi he feituʻu ʻoku ʻikai ko koe, pea ʻoku fai e ngāue ʻi he founga fakalao ʻa e puleʻanga Saina, ʻa ia ʻoku ʻikai tatau mo Tonga. Ko e fakamatala ʻi lalo ni ko ha fakamatala fakalūkufua pē, ʻikai ko ha faleʻi fakalao pe fakatahisi. Ki ha meʻa pau, ʻoku totonu ke ke fetuʻutaki ki ha lōia Saina ʻoku ʻi he feituʻu ʻe fai ai hoʻo pisinisi.

Ko e ngaahi pōpoaki ʻo e kautaha ʻi Saina

ʻI Saina, ʻoku ʻi ai ha ngaahi faʻahinga kautaha kehekehe, pea ʻoku fili ʻe he kau fokotuʻu ʻa e faʻahinga ʻoku feʻunga mo ʻenau pisinisi. Ko e faʻahinga ʻoku lahi hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he kau fokotuʻu mei tuʻa ko e kautaha fakalao ʻoku ʻi ai haʻanau ʻinivesi fakalao (limited liability company, pe 有限责任公司 ʻi he lea Saina). ʻOku ʻi ai ha faʻahinga kehekehe ʻo e kautaha, ʻo kau ai ʻa e kautaha ʻoku ʻi ai ha taha pē (sole proprietorship) pea mo e kautaha ʻoku ʻi ai ha kau ʻinivesi tokolahi. ʻOku ʻi ai foki ha faʻahinga kehekehe ʻo e kautaha ʻoku ʻo e puleʻanga (state-owned) pea mo e kautaha ʻoku ʻo e kau ʻinivesi mei tuʻa (foreign-invested enterprise, FIE). ʻOku mahuʻinga ke fakapapauʻi ʻa e faʻahinga ʻoku feʻunga moʻo hoʻo pisinisi, he ʻoku kehekehe e ngaahi fiemaʻu fakalao mo e ngaahi pepa ki he faʻahinga takitaha.

Ko e founga ʻo e puleʻanga ki he kau ʻinivesi mei tuʻa

ʻI he ngaahi taʻu kimuʻa, naʻe ʻi ai ha ngaahi fiemaʻu makehe ki he kau ʻinivesi mei tuʻa, hangē ko e fakaʻata ʻe ha kautaha ʻi Saina. ʻI he taimi ni, ʻoku fakangofua ʻe he founga fakalao ʻa Saina ʻa e kau ʻinivesi mei tuʻa ke nau fokotuʻu kautaha ʻi he ngaahi sekito lahi, ka ʻoku ʻi ai ha ngaahi sekito ʻoku tapu pe ʻoku fiemaʻu ha fakangofua makehe. ʻOku totonu ke ke vakai ki he Lisi ʻo e Ngaahi Sekito ʻoku Fakangofua ki he Kau ʻInivesi mei Tuʻa (Foreign Investment Negative List) ʻa Saina, pe fetuʻutaki ki ha lōia ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku ʻatā hoʻo sekito. ʻI he ngaahi sekito ʻoku ʻikai tapu, ʻoku ʻikai toe fiemaʻu ha fakangofua fakalao makehe mei he puleʻanga kautaha ki he kau ʻinivesi mei tuʻa ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga lahi, ka ʻoku kei fiemaʻu pē e ngaahi pepa fakalao ʻoku fai ki he kautaha.

Ngaahi pepa ʻoku fiemaʻu ki he fokotuʻu kautaha

ʻOku kehekehe e ngaahi pepa ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu ʻo Saina, pea ʻoku totonu ke ke fakapapauʻi ki he puleʻanga fakakautaha ʻi he feituʻu ʻe fai ai hoʻo pisinisi (ko e "Administration for Industry and Commerce" pe "Market Supervision Administration"). Ko e ngaahi pepa angamaheni ʻoku fiemaʻu ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu lahi:

• Ko e hingoa ʻo e kautaha ʻoku fiemaʻu ke fakaʻata ki muʻa pea fakapapauʻi ʻoku ʻikai ha taha ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi ia. ʻOku fai ʻa e fakaʻata ʻi he founga ʻinitaneti ʻa e puleʻanga fakakautaha, pea ʻoku totonu ke ke ʻomai ha ngaahi fili ʻe 3–5 ki he hingoa Saina mo e hingoa faka-Pālangi.
• Ko e lauʻi pepa ʻo e kautaha (articles of association) ʻoku fakamatala ki he ngaahi tuʻunga ʻo e kautaha, ko e founga ʻo e pule, mo e ngaahi konga ʻo e ʻinivesi.
• Ko e tuʻasila ʻo e kau ʻinivesi mo e kau pule (directors, supervisors, legal representative). ʻOku fiemaʻu ha tatau ʻo e passport ʻo e kau ʻinivesi mei tuʻa, pea ʻoku totonu ke ʻi ai ha fakamatala ʻoku fakamoʻoniʻi ʻe ha tokotaha fakafofonga ʻi Saina pe ko ha ʻōfisi fakafofonga.
• Ko e ʻatakai ʻo e pisinisi (registered address) ʻi Saina. ʻOku fiemaʻu ha tuʻasila ʻoku fakamoʻoniʻi ʻe he tokotaha ʻoku ʻo e fale pe ko ha ʻōfisi ʻoku ne fakahoko e ngāue fakafofonga. ʻOku ʻikai ngofua ke fakaʻaongaʻi ha tuʻasila ʻoku ʻikai fakamoʻoniʻi.
• Ko e lao ʻo e ʻinivesi (capital contribution) — ʻoku fiemaʻu ke fakamatalaʻi ʻa e paʻanga ʻe ʻinivesi, ko e founga ʻo e ʻinivesi, pea mo e taimi ʻo e ʻinivesi. ʻI he ngaahi tuʻunga lahi, ʻoku ʻikai toe fiemaʻu ha paʻanga ʻe ʻinivesi ʻi he taimi ʻo e fokotuʻu, ka ʻoku fiemaʻu ke fakamatalaʻi ʻa e palani.
• Ko e pepa fakafofonga ki ha tokotaha ʻoku ne fakahoko e ngāue ki he puleʻanga fakakautaha ʻi hoʻo tafaʻaki, kapau ʻoku ʻikai ke ke ʻi Saina.

Ngaahi sitepu ʻo e fokotuʻu kautaha

Ko e ngaahi sitepu angamaheni ʻo e fokotuʻu kautaha ʻi Saina:

1. Fakaʻata hingoa: ʻOku fai ʻi he founga ʻinitaneti ʻa e puleʻanga fakakautaha ʻi he feituʻu. ʻOku lava ke fai ʻi he ʻaho pē ʻe taha pe ua, ka ʻoku kehekehe.
2. Fakapapauʻi ʻa e tuʻasila ʻo e pisinisi: ʻOku fiemaʻu ha tuʻasila ʻoku fakamoʻoniʻi. ʻOku totonu ke ke fetuʻutaki ki ha tokotaha ʻoku ne fakahoko e ngāue fakafofonga ʻi Saina ki he meʻa ni.
3. Fakafoki ʻa e ngaahi pepa ki he puleʻanga fakakautaha: ʻOku fai ʻa e fakafoki ʻi he ʻinitaneti pe ʻi he ʻōfisi ʻo e puleʻanga. ʻOku fiemaʻu ke fakamoʻoniʻi ʻa e ngaahi pepa fakalao ʻoku fai ʻi he lea Saina.
4. Fakamoʻoniʻi ʻa e kautaha: ʻI he taimi ʻoku tali ai ʻe he puleʻanga, ʻoku ʻoatu ha laiseane pisinisi (business license). Ko e laiseane ni ʻoku fakamoʻoniʻi ʻa e fokotuʻu ʻo e kautaha pea ʻoku fiemaʻu ki he ngaahi ngāue lahi.
5. Fai ʻa e tuʻasila fakatahisi (tax registration) mo e fakamoʻoniʻi ʻo e tuʻasila fakatahisi (taxpayer identification). ʻOku fai ʻi he ʻōfisi ʻo e puleʻanga fakatahisi ʻi he feituʻu.
6. Fai ha ʻakaunti ʻi he pangikē maʻa e kautaha. ʻOku fiemaʻu e laiseane pisinisi mo e ngaahi pepa ʻo e kautaha. ʻOku totonu ke ke fakapapauʻi ki he pangikē ʻe fai ai e ʻakaunti, he ʻoku kehekehe ʻenau ngaahi fiemaʻu ki he kau ʻinivesi mei tuʻa.
7. Fai ʻa e fakamoʻoniʻi ʻo e kau ngāue kapau ʻoku ke fie fili ha kau ngāue. ʻOku fiemaʻu ha ngaahi pepa ki he puleʻanga fakangāue ʻi he feituʻu.

Taimi ʻoku fuʻu lahi

ʻOku ʻikai ha taimi pau ʻoku ʻoatu ʻe he puleʻanga ʻa Saina ki he fokotuʻu kautaha, pea ʻoku kehekehe ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu mo e ngaahi faʻahinga kautaha. ʻI he ngaahi tuʻunga faingofua, ʻe lava ke fakakatoa ʻa e ngaahi sitepu ʻo e fokotuʻu ʻi he ʻaho pē ʻe 2–4 ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu ʻoku ʻai ai ʻe he puleʻanga ha founga ʻinitaneti. Ka ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga lahi, ʻoku fiemaʻu ha ʻaho pē ʻe 1–2 ki he fakaʻata hingoa, pea ʻoku toki fai e ngaahi sitepu kehe ʻi he hili iá. ʻOku totonu ke ke fakakaukau ki he taimi ki he ngaahi pepa fakalao (fakaliliu, fakamoʻoniʻi, mo e fakaʻilonga), pea mo e taimi ki he ʻakaunti pangikē mo e tuʻasila fakatahisi. ʻI he ngaahi tuʻunga ʻe niʻihi, ʻe lava ke fakakatoa ʻa e founga ʻi he uike ʻe 2–6, ka ʻoku ʻikai ko ha fakapapau. ʻOku totonu ke ke fakakaukau ki ha taimi lahi ange ki he ngaahi fiemaʻu fakalao ʻoku kehekehe.

Ngaahi meʻa ʻoku totonu ke ke fakakaukau ki ai

• Tokotaha fakafofonga ʻi Saina: ʻOku fiemaʻu ha tokotaha ʻoku ne fakahoko e ngāue fakalao ʻi Saina, pea ʻoku totonu ke ke fili ha tokotaha ʻoku falalaʻanga.
• Lea Saina: ʻOku fiemaʻu ʻa e ngaahi pepa fakalao ʻi he lea Saina. ʻOku totonu ke ke ngāue fakataha mo ha tokotaha fakaliliu lea Saina ʻoku ʻilo ki he ngaahi meʻa fakalao.
• Fakatahisi: ʻOku kehekehe e ngaahi lao fakatahisi ʻi Saina mei Tonga. ʻOku totonu ke ke fetuʻutaki ki ha tokotaha fakatahisi ʻi Saina ki ha faleʻi.
• Ngaahi lao fakalao: ʻOku fiemaʻu ke ke fakapapauʻi ʻa e ngaahi lao fakalao ʻoku fakahoko ʻi hoʻo sekito, pea mo e ngaahi fiemaʻu ki he kau ʻinivesi mei tuʻa.

Ko e fakamatala ʻi ʻolunga ni ko ha fakamatala fakalūkufua pē, ʻikai ko ha faleʻi fakalao pe fakatahisi. ʻOku totonu ke ke fetuʻutaki ki ha lōia Saina pea mo ha tokotaha fakatahisi ʻi Saina ki ha faleʻi fakalao mo fakatahisi ʻoku feʻunga mo hoʻo tuʻunga.